The Public Domain Review has long been one of the respectable seat on the internet for those who love the more curious side of story . Their accounts of madness , drug , monsters , early medicine , and more are written by notable scholars with a gift for clear writing , and illustrate with bewitching public - knowledge domain figure . They ’ve recently released asecond Koran of essay , covering everything from skeletons to occult synesthesia , and it ’s usable for a reduced damage and guaranteed Christmas rescue on orders placed before November 18 . Below , the top 10 thing we learned while devouring the record .
1. THE WORLD’S FIRST CHILDREN’S PICTURE BOOK WAS A PRECURSOR TOOLD MACDONALD HAD A FARM.
In 1658 , Czech education reformer John Comenius gave the world the first delineation book for child : Orbis Sensualium Pictus(The World of Things Obvious to the Senses drawn in Pictures ) . write in Latin and German , the Holy Writ was exchangeable to forward-looking Thomas Kid fare in some esteem : Children were instruct to “ speak out justly ” by imitate the interference of hombre , ducks , hares , and crows , a variety of Latin version of “ Old MacDonald Had a Farm . ” But the volume also let in plenty of material we might not expect in kids ' books today — some of the 150 pictures depicted the slaughtering of animals , while other topics included deformed the great unwashed and the basics of beer - brewing and shoe - shoemaking .
2. IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY, A GHOST WAS A WELL-RESPECTED WRITER.
In 1913 , a St. Louis housewife named Pearl Curran claimed to have contacted a Puritan poet named Patience Worth using her Ouija board . Although Worth had been bushed for several centuries , she had plenty to say . Curran “ transcribed ” trillion of parole — admit novels , religious tracts , and verse form — that she said were dictate by Worth ’s spirit coming through the planchette . learner bosom the works as model of other American literature , and the pieces were anthologise alongside canonical authors .
3. ANATOMIST FREDERICK RUYSCH WAS WAY MORE METAL THAN YOU.
Dutch anatomist Frederick Ruysch wanted mass to enjoy his anatomic grooming , but he think the skeleton in the closet , deformed organs , and unsuccessful children he preserved for skill ask to be prettied up with flowers and lacing . Macabre as it may sound , Ruysch ’s intentions were n’t to shock , and visitors piled into his Amsterdam museum . ( Highlights included a male frame holding up a mansion saying “ even in death , I ’m still attractive . ” ) In 1697 , Tsar Peter the Great kiss one of the specimens , then bought the whole collection . Today , scholarly person mention Ruysch with helping to make the discipline of material body an acceptable hobby .
4. THE FOUNDING FATHERS HAD SOME SURPRISING IDEAS ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE.
In the eighteenth century , many European thinkers believed that a welcoming mood was primal to civilization . In PDR ’s new book , environmental economic expert Raphael Calel writes that “ allot to a prominent theory put forth by the Gallic intellectual Jean - Baptiste Dubos , [ scientific and esthetic genius ] only expand in suitable mood — clime accounted for the marvels of Ancient Greece , the Roman Empire , the Italian Renaissance , and , thanks to rise temperature on the European continent that Dubos thought he honour , the Enlightenment . "
North America was establish on the arithmetic mean that climate come parallel of latitude , and many settler expected New England to be as soft as England . The harsh winters were a shock absorber , and some European thinker developed a theory that the frigid temperature of North America caused both physical and genial degeneration . European explorers and scientists began observe that the plants and animals of North America were pocket-sized , scrawnier , and broadly speaking wimpier than they were in Europe .
The innovation fathers were n’t having it . Alexander Hamilton called such theories “ self-important pretensions of the Europeans , ” and Thomas Jefferson devote many pages ofNotes on the State of Virginia(1785 ) to measurements showing that the animals in North America were just as bragging as those in Europe . As surprising as it may sound today , the colonists also argued that the clearing and cultivation of land in North America would shortly warm up their mood and help oneself advance their civilization — observe the ideas of thinkers like Dubos and David Hume , who trust that cultivation of the land in Europe had led to a temperate climate that produced the Enlightenment . The colonists were spell too early for anthropogenic climate change to have taken burden , however , and their ideas about the beneficial effects of warmer temperatures seem sadly mistaken today .
5. LORD BYRON’S DOCTOR WROTE THE FIRST COMPLETE VAMPIRE STORY IN ENGLISH.
accord to scholar Andrew McConnell Stott , the first “ full realized ” vampire story in English was John William Polidori ’s 1819 “ The Vampyre . " Polidori catch his idea for his tale during the same1816 theater partyat a villa on the banks of Lake Geneva where Mary Shelley got the musical theme forFrankenstein . Polidori was there in his function as Lord Byron ’s personal physician , and may have pose the blood - sucking persona on Lord Byron himself .
6. THE FIRST BOOK-LENGTH ACCOUNT OF AN INSANE PERSON’S DELUSIONS CONCERNED A MAN WHO BELIEVED HIS MIND WAS CONTROLLED BY A TERRIFYING “AIR LOOM.”
During the French Revolution , former French peace activist James Tilly Matthews was lock forth in London ’s Royal Bethlem Hospital , popularly known as Bedlam . Matthews believed that a pack of villains around the corner from Bedlam was controlling his brain with a terrific gadget visit an “ Air Loom , ” which organize “ airs ” or gases such as “ spermous - creature - seminal rays , ” “ putrid human breath , ” and “ gaz from the anus of the knight , ” into a “ magnetic fluid ” that took over the head and body of its dupe .
When London pill roller John Haslam , who had worked at Bedlam , published his account of Matthews ' delusions in 1810 , most aesculapian accounts of what we now term " mental illness " number to only a line or two . Haslam’sIllustrations of Madnesswas the first full - blown treatment of an mad person , and is also now cited as the first full account of what we now term paranoid dementia praecox . Haslam also included Matthews ’ draftsmanship of the machine control his brain , which became the first spell of issue art by an inmate .
7. THE HOT SPOT TO VISIT IN LATE 17TH/EARLY 18TH-CENTURY AMSTERDAM WAS A CABINET OF CURIOSITIES.
Levinus Vincent’sWondertooneel der nature , or Wonder Theatre of Nature , included eight storage locker “ hold back 600 phials of animal cadaver in feeling , 288 box of autochthonal and exotic insects , 32 drawers of racing shell and crustacean , 14 drawers of minerals and fossil , and a console with a timber - comparable scene create from different kind of coral and sponges , ” writes Dutch cultural historiographer Bert van de Roemer . The pride of the collection was a cabinet full of insects , many coiffe into decorative spirals and other practice — perhaps a reflection of Vincent ’s solar day job as a radiation diagram graphic designer and damask merchant .
8. COCAINE USED TO BE IN EVERYTHING.
OK , this one was n’t a total surprise . In writing about Austrian lyric poet Georg Trakl , who died of a cocain overdose in 1914 , assimilator Richard Millington notes just how permeative cocaine used to be : It was espoused as a “ wonderment drug , ” extolled by a youthful Sigmund Freud , included in popular tonics such as Vin Mariani and Coca - Cola , and even added to children ’s odontalgia drop curtain . It was so democratic , the suffix - cainebegan being add up to any synthetic substance with similar characteristics .
9. DARWIN BELIEVED OUR FACIAL EXPRESSIONS WERE THE PRODUCT OF NATURAL SELECTION.
Darwin ’s 1872 bookThe Expression of the Emotions of Man and Animalsargued that our grimaces , smiles , and frowns are all the result of evolution and are shared with other animals . The possibility upset the traditional philosophy that facial formula were a gift from God , and the result of higher - order thinking . Darwin study picture of the mentally ill at the West Riding Lunatic Asylum to arrive at his close , since the Victorians held that the unbalanced were emotionally uninhibited by social average — and thus more open of showing true formulation of emotion on their face .
10. ONE OF BRITAIN’S MOST FAMOUS SCIENTISTS EARNED HIS REPUTATION TAKING DRUGS.
During the summer of 1799 , the youthful apothecary Humphry Davy — afterward one of the scientific star of his generation , and president of the Royal Society — commence experiment with nitrous oxide , or laughing gas , embark on what medical historian Mike Jay call a “ freewheeling programme of consciousness elaboration . ” Davy also raise some of the other leading figures of his twenty-four hour period for the political platform , let in future Poet Laureate Robert Southey and poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge , who all enjoyed inhaling the warming , giggle - inducing throttle . Davy ’s final report card on his project — research , Chemical and Philosophical ; chiefly touch on Nitrous Oxide , or dephlogisticated nitrous air , and its Respiration — described the effect of the gas in minute detail , and established his scientific repute .
